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RESEARCH REPORT

The future at quantum speed

5-MINUTE READ

March 31, 2025

In brief

  • There is an urgent need to develop post-quantum cryptographic algorithms to protect against quantum computing threats.

  • To better understand the challenges federal agencies face, we partnered with Market Connections to survey 200 government technology decision-makers.

  • We break down best practices so agencies can be well-positioned to both capitalize on quantum’s vast potential and protect themselves from risk.

Why quantum?

Quantum computing, once a purely theoretical concept, is now poised to revolutionize technology and government with the ability to solve problems at never-before-seen speeds. Unlike traditional computers that process information in binary, quantum computers process information in qubits, which can exist in multiple states simultaneously. This enables quantum computers to conduct complex calculations and solve problems exponentially faster than classical computers ever could. Elements of quantum-based technologies are already used in things like Global Positioning Systems (GPS), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRIs), and semiconductors.

These unparalleled problem-solving capabilities have the potential to radically accelerate innovation in ways previously thought impossible. For the federal government, quantum could bring breakthroughs across nearly limitless potential use cases, including artificial intelligence (AI), weather forecasting, health sciences, cybersecurity, and many others.

Beyond encryption

While quantum computing and quantum information science promises a host of groundbreaking advancements, its arrival comes with considerable risks. One of the most alarming is its potential to undermine encryption methods currently used to safeguard data across every sector. Today's cybersecurity systems rely on cryptographic algorithms like Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) to secure everything from emails to health data to military communications. When sufficiently powerful, quantum computers will be able to break these algorithms in mere seconds, exposing vast amounts of sensitive data. These computers are also known as Cryptographically Relevant Quantum Computers (CRQC), and their emergence will mark a paradigm shift in cybersecurity, necessitating a swift transition to post-quantum cryptographic solutions.

To better understand how federal agencies are experiencing and interacting with quantum computing, Accenture Federal Services partnered with Market Connections to conduct a survey of 200 government technology decision-makers. Their responses paint a clear picture of how those at the forefront of quantum are addressing its rise.

Key insights

Quantum computing offers significant benefits, with 71% of respondents recognizing its potential in AI/ML and predictive modeling. However, slow adoption is hindered by skills gaps and resource constraints.

Federal agencies must evaluate and upgrade their cryptographic systems to protect against quantum threats. Aligning with NIST PQC standards and integrating Zero Trust strategies are essential steps to ensure long-term security.

77% of respondents cite skills gaps as a major barrier, 59% lack the technical knowledge, and 66% lack resources. Training and workforce development, including collaboration with academia and industry, are crucial for navigating the quantum era.

Best practices for a quantum-ready future

The rapidity of quantum’s evolution, which is still nascent but growing exponentially, poses both challenges and opportunities. Federal agencies need to start preparing now, including building the infrastructure to support their effort. Preparing early for a quantum future means being able to harness its opportunities and insulate against its threats.

Key steps to take now

1.

Agencies should conduct thorough cryptographic risk assessments, inventory encryption protocols, and align with HB7535 and NIST PQC standards to identify and protect vulnerable assets.

2.

Agencies should align Zero Trust and Post-Quantum Cryptography efforts by mapping cryptography use across Zero Trust Pillars, creating an integrated ZT PQC Transition Strategy.

3.

Agencies must evaluate and address the skills gap by identifying knowledge gaps, upskilling employees, and implementing long-term training plans to build a quantum-ready workforce.

4.

Agencies should build strategic partnerships with industry, academia, and government to stay ahead in quantum innovation, develop solutions, and mitigate risks.

5.

Agencies should adopt quantum transformation incrementally through pilot projects to maximize benefits and mitigate risks.

By taking these proactive steps, agencies will be well-positioned to both capitalize on quantum's vast potential and protect themselves from its inherent risks.

Preparing for a quantum-resilient future

Quantum computing presents a dual challenge: while it offers immense potential for advancing technology, it also poses a significant and near-term risk to cybersecurity. Federal agencies must prioritize quantum readiness, adopt post-quantum cryptography, and implement new security protocols if they are to stay ahead of this emerging threat and potential consequences, ranging from cyber espionage to the collapse of critical infrastructure systems. As the quantum era fast approaches, the time for agencies to prepare is now.